Modulation

INFO

Modulation here means LFOs (low-frequency oscillators) changing values over time — not knob macro setup (see Mapping) and not external MIDI learn (see External mapping).

The S32 has 16 LFOs. Each can drive multiple targets in the active project.

LFO → device parameter

Route an LFO to any rack device parameter (filter cutoff, arp rate, delay time, …):

1. Open the device parameter list (rack grid → device).
2. Highlight the parameter row.
3. Hold Back and Select together Hold Select + Back → Options → Assign LFO → pick the source LFO.

One LFO can modulate many parameters. Assigned rows show an LFO badge (~ and LFO number) beside the value:

Remove LFO modulation

Hold Back and Select together Hold Select + Back on the assigned row → Options → Remove LFO.

Create and edit LFOs under Main Menu → S32 LFOs:

LFO → LFO parameter

An LFO can modulate another LFO’s parameters (rate, depth, phase, …) within the same domain (S32 LFOs or CV16 LFOs — not cross-domain).

1. Main Menu → S32 LFOs → select the target LFO → open its editor.
2. Highlight the parameter row (e.g. Rate).
3. Hold Back and Select together Hold Select + Back → Assign LFO → pick the source LFO.

The assigned row shows the same LFO badge. Remove it with Options → Remove LFO (same as device parameters).

INFO

More examples and loop rules: LFOs — LFO-to-LFO.

Loop prevention

WARNING

The firmware blocks assignments that would close a cycle in the LFO graph (self-modulation, A→B→A, longer loops). Fan-out (one LFO → many targets) is fine; routing back to an upstream LFO is not.

INFO

Knob → LFO via macro mode S32 LFO Parameter is configured under Mapping — it does not use the LFO assignment graph.

LFO → macro (MIDI message)

For MIDI message macro modes (CC, program change, 14-bit CC, aftertouch, NRPN, RPN, SysEx), an LFO can modulate the macro output — the values the macro sends when you turn the knob (within the macro’s min/max range).

INFO

Device parameter and S32 LFO parameter macro modes are mapping targets for the knob itself, not LFO-to-macro modulation slots.

Assign from Perform

1. Configure the macro (e.g. CC mode) — see Setting up macros.
2. On Perform, enter edit mode and Turn the encoder select that macro row.
3. Hold Back and Select together Hold Select + Back → Options → Assign LFO → pick the source LFO.

When a modulator is assigned, the macro row shows ~L# in the MIDI routing column, and the big pot may show LFO shadows on modulated macros:

You can Edit LFO, Enable/Disable it, or Remove LFO from the same menu:

Summary

Route	Where you assign	Badge / indicator
LFO → device param	Device parameter list → Assign LFO	~L# on parameter row
LFO → LFO param	LFO editor → Assign LFO	~L# on parameter row
LFO → macro (MIDI)	Perform edit → macro row → Assign LFO	~L# on macro row + pot shadows
Knob → macro / param	Macro grid (Perform)	Knob-macro dots — Mapping
External → param	Parameter list → External Mapping	External badge — External mapping

Related topics

• LFOs — LFO editor parameters
• Setting up macros — Configure knob macros
• Rack chains — Rack device chains